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In the first half of the twentieth century, many of Toronto's immigrant Jews eked out a living in the needle-trade sweatshops of Spadina Avenue. In response to their expliotation on the shop floor, immigrant Jewish garment workers built one of the most advanced sections of the Canadian and American labour movements. Much more than a collective bargaining agency, Toronto's Jewish labour movement had a distinctly socialist orientation and grew out of a vibrant Jewish working-class culture.Ruth Frager examines the development of this unique movement, its sources of strength, and its limitations, focusing particularly on the complex interplay of class, ethnic, and gender interests and identities in the history of the movement. She examines the relationships between Jewish workers and Jewish manufacturers as well as relations between Jewish and non-Jewish workers and male and female workers in the city's clothing industry.In its prime, Toronto's Jewish labour movement struggled not only to improve hard sweatshop condistions but also to bring about a fundamental socialist transformation. It was an uphill battle. Drastic economic downturns, hard employer offensives, and state repressions all worked against unionists' workplace demands. Ethnic, gender, and ideological divisions weakened the movement and were manipulated by employers and their allies.Drawing on her knowledge of Yiddish, Frager has been able to gain access to original records that shed new light on an important chapter in Canadian ethnic, labour, and women's history.

Jewish labor unions --- Labor movement --- Women in the labor movement --- Jews --- History. --- Jewish trade-unions --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Labor and laboring classes --- Labor unions --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- Social movements --- Trade-unions --- Clothing workers --- Industrial unions --- Labor, Organized --- Labor organizations --- Organized labor --- Unions, Labor --- Unions, Trade --- Working-men's associations --- Societies --- Central labor councils --- Guilds --- Syndicalism --- History --- E-books --- Juden. --- Canada --- Toronto --- Ontario --- Relations interethniques. --- York --- Metropolitan Toronto --- Amérique du Nord britannique --- British North America --- Canada (Dominion) --- Canada (Province) --- Canada-Uni --- Nouvelle-France --- Région frontalière canado-américaine --- Amérique du Nord --- Frontières --- Provinces anglophones

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This book, by Christopher Browne with Douglas A. Scott, reviews the economic progress that Fiji, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Western Samoa have made since independence. An overview of the region examines development strategies, external economic relations, the role of the private sector, and the evolution of financial structures. Seven country studies describe the main characteristics of each economy, analyze performance over the past decade, and provide detailed statistics suitable for cross-country comparison.

338 <5> --- FJ / Fiji - Fidji --- PG / Papua New Guinea - Papouasie Nouvelle Guinee --- SB / Solomon Islands --- VU / Vanuatu --- WS / Samoa --- 338.340 --- 338 <5> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Azië --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Azië --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld. --- Oceania --- Oceanica --- South Pacific --- South Pacific Ocean Region --- South Pacific Region --- South Sea Islands --- South Seas --- Southwest Pacific Region --- Islands of the Pacific --- Economic conditions --- -Case studies. --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Case studies. --- Moana Nui, Te --- Moana Oceania --- Te Moana Nui --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Trade: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Civil service & public sector --- Banking --- Labour --- income economics --- Imports --- Exports --- Public sector --- Commercial banks --- Expenditure --- International trade --- Economic sectors --- Current spending --- External debt --- Expenditures, Public --- Finance, Public --- Banks and banking --- Debts, External --- Papua New Guinea

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Economic activity remained weak in early 2014. Activity was impacted by an outbreak of the Ebola virus since late 2013, but lagging structural reforms, energy shortages, and political uncertainty may also be at play. Economic growth is estimated to have been 2.3 percent in 2013, and is projected at 3.5 percent in 2014, supported by higher public investment and assuming a gradual start-up of new mining sector investment. Inflation fell to below 10 percent year-on-year in May 2014, international reserves covered 3.6 months of imports by end-2013, and the exchange rate has remained stable. Performance under the ECF-supported program remains broadly satisfactory, although progress with structural reform has been slow. All performance criteria for end-2013 were met as were all but one (the floor on priority sector spending) of the program’s indicative targets for March 2014. However, the structural benchmarks for the second half of 2013 and early-2014 could not be completed as planned. The policy discussions focused on (i) the growth outlook for 2014; (ii) a supplementary budget for 2014 in light of a shortfall in revenues and new spending needs; (iii) progress in implementing structural reforms; and (iv) debt management. Risks to the program largely stem from domestic factors. New cases of Ebola have surged and spread more widely in recent months, which could affect growth in the second half of the year. The recent approval of the investment framework for the large Simandou iron ore project augurs well for a gradual pick-up in mining activity. However, renewed political tensions and uncertainty in the run-up to presidential elections, due in the second half of 2015, could risk delaying new investment. Staff supports completing the fourth review under the ECF arrangement and the financing assurances review. Completion of the review will result in a disbursement of an amount equivalent to SDR 18.36 million under the ECF arrangement.

Papua New Guinea --- Giniyah ha-Ḥadashah --- Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini --- Independent State of Papua New Guinea --- Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée --- Papua-Neuguinea --- Papua Niu Gini --- Papua Niugini --- Papua Nova Gvineja --- Papua Nugini --- Papua Nuova Guinea --- Papua Nya Guinea --- Papua Nyū Ginia --- Papua-Uusi-Guinea --- Papuʼah Giniyah ha-Ḥadashah --- PNG (Papua New Guinea) --- Territory of Papua and New Guinea --- パプアニューギニア --- New Guinea (Territory) --- Papua --- Economic conditions. --- Social conditions. --- E-books --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Public Finance --- Natural Resource Extraction --- Macroeconomics --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Public finance & taxation --- Banking --- International economics --- Extractive industries --- Financial services law & regulation --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Mining sector --- Debt relief --- Bank supervision --- Economic sectors --- Financial regulation and supervision --- National accounts --- Budget planning and preparation --- Finance, Public --- Debts, External --- Banks and banking --- Mineral industries --- State supervision --- National income --- Guinea

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Secure Oil and Alternative Energy: The Geopolitics and Energy Paths of China and the European Union is the follow-on study to the well-received The Globalization of Energy: China and the European Union (Brill 2010). While intensive cooperation between China and the EU in the fields of energy use, environmental protection, and sustainability is highly needed, the question remains unanswered how this cooperation could be organized. Since the proven gas and oil reserves lay outside China and the EU, they are both facing geopolitical challenges to energy security in the foreseeable future. This volume puts the geopolitical implementation of China’s and the EU’s energy security into the context of (a) geo-economic systems in a global scale including the Central Eurasian, the Middle East and Africa hydrocarbon energy complex and (b) the emergence of a geo-economic energy network spreading from China to Western Europe. The edited volume consists of 14 high-quality papers on topics announced in the title of the volume: the geo-politics of energy-supply security, alternative sources of energy, energy transition and, at the global level, energy governance. Prof. Dr. Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer, Director Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel, Forschungs-und Studienstätte für Europäische Kulturgeschichte Germany

Energy development -- China. --- Energy development -- European Union countries. --- Energy policy -- China. --- Energy policy -- European Union countries. --- Energy security -- China. --- Energy security -- European Union countries. --- Energy security --- Energy development --- Energy policy --- Business & Economics --- Industries --- Energy resources development --- Energy source development --- Power resources development --- Energy dependence --- Energy independence --- Energy insecurity --- Security, Energy --- Power resources --- E-books --- BPB1311 --- Énergie douce --- Politique énergétique --- Géopolitique --- energetická politika --- energetikos politika --- energetska politika --- energiapoliitika --- energiapolitiikka --- енергийна политика --- politika tal-enerġija --- ενεργειακή πολιτική --- política energética --- Energiepolitik --- politica energetica --- energiebeleid --- energiapolitika --- energipolitik --- enerģētikas politika --- politică energetică --- politikë energjetike --- energy policy --- енергетска политика --- polityka energetyczna --- strategia energetica --- obiettivo energetico --- политика за енергетика --- politica energetica nazionale --- мерки за енергетска ефикасност --- atomprogram --- opzione energetica --- atompolitik --- politica dell'energia --- piano energetico --- енергетска стратегија --- sviluppo energetico --- blød energi --- keskkonnasäästlik energia --- energía blanda --- мека енергия --- energji e butë --- alternativna energija --- алтернативна енергија --- energia não poluente --- energia czysta --- ekoloģiski tīra enerģija --- energia dolce --- alternativní energie --- soft energy --- enerġija ratba --- sanfte Energie --- zachte energie --- mjuk energi --- energie neconvențională --- netaršioji energija --- ήπιες μορφές ενέργειας --- pehmeä energia --- környezetkímélő energia --- alternatívna energia --- energia de substituição --- source d'énergie alternative --- alternative energy source --- korvaava energia --- υποκατάστατες μορφές ενέργειας --- záložná energia --- měkká energie --- alternatīvā enerģija --- fonte alternativa de energia --- helyettesítő energia --- energía nueva --- Ersatzenergie --- énergie alternative --- energie complementari --- weiche Energie --- energia nuova --- energia alternativa --- burim energjie e ndërkëmbyeshme --- alternatívny zdroj energie --- fonte d'energia alternativa --- energia verde --- neue Energiequelle --- alternatieve energiebron --- εναλλακτικές πηγές ενέργειας --- ny energi --- nová energia --- naujoji energija --- alternativ energi --- energia sostitutiva --- energie nouă --- alternativ energikälla --- alternatiivenergia allikas --- energji e ndërkëmbyeshme --- énergie de substitution --- pakaitinės energijos šaltinis --- ersättningsenergi --- nieuwe energie --- νέες μορφές ενέργειας --- sursă de energie alternativă --- substitute energy --- еколошки чиста енергија --- énergie nouvelle --- нова енергија --- energji zëvëndësuese --- fuente de energía alternativa --- jauni enerģijas avoti --- energia nova --- új energia --- alternatiivenergia --- alternative energy --- alternativ energikilde --- alternativni energetski izvori --- vervangende energie --- énergie de remplacement --- new energy --- зелена енергија --- energia pulita --- alternative Energie --- uusi energialähde --- vaihtoehtoinen energialähde --- vaihtoehtoinen energia --- alternatieve energie --- Substitutionsenergie --- energji e re --- алтернативни енергетски извори --- alternatīvs enerģijas avots --- pakaitinė energija --- náhradná energia --- energie de substituție --- energie minori --- alternatív energia --- erstatningsenergi --- uus energia --- alternative Energiequelle --- εναλλακτικές μορφές ενέργειας --- energie alternativă --- energía alternativa --- energía sustitutiva --- alternatív energiaforrás --- замена на традиционалните извори на енергија --- Geopolitiek --- beartas fuinnimh --- fuinneamh bog --- Politique énergétique --- Énergie douce

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Selling Earth observation satellites on their abilities to predict and limit adverse environmental change, politicians, business leaders, the media, and technology enthusiasts have spent sixty years arguing that space exploration can create a more peaceful, prosperous world. Capitalist states have also socialized the risk and privatized the profits of the commercial space industry by convincing taxpayers to fund surveillance technologies as necessary components of sovereignty, freedom, and democracy. Jocelyn Wills's Tug of War reminds us that colonizing the cosmos has not only accelerated the arms race but also encouraged government contractors to compete for the military and commercial spoils of surveillance. Although Canadians prefer to celebrate their role as purveyors of peaceful space applications, Canada has played a pivotal part in the expansion of neoliberal policies and surveillance networks that now encircle the globe, primarily as a political ally of the United States and component supplier for its military-industrial complex. Tracing the forty-five-year history of Canada's largest space company - MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates (MDA) - through the lens of surveillance studies and a trove of oral history transcripts, government documents, trade journals, and other sources, Wills places capitalism's imperial ambitions squarely at the centre of Canada-US relations and the privatization of the Canadian political economy. Tug of War confronts the mythic lure of technological progress and the ways in which those who profess little interest in war rationalize their leap into military contracting by avoiding the moral and political implications of their work.

Security, International. --- Space security. --- satellite --- espionage --- secret service --- threat to national security --- contemporary history --- new technology --- Outer space security --- Security of outer space --- Security, International --- Collective security --- International security --- International relations --- Disarmament --- International organization --- Peace --- закана за националната безбедност --- atteinte à la sûreté de l'État --- theddida għas-sigurtà nazzjonali --- ohrozenie bezpečnosti štátu --- prijetnja nacionalnoj sigurnosti --- zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa państwa --- infracțiuni contra securității statului --- atentado contra la seguridad del Estado --- Gefährdung der Staatssicherheit --- προσβολή της ασφάλειας του κράτους --- atentado à segurança do Estado --- statsforbrydelse --- vaara valtion turvallisuudelle --- aanslag op de staatsveiligheid --- högförräderi --- kërcënim ndaj sigurisë kombëtare --- заплаха за националната сигурност --- az állam biztonságának veszélyeztetése --- trestné činy proti bezpečnosti státu --- претња националној безбедности --- ogrožanje državne varnosti --- grėsmė valstybės saugumui --- riigi julgeoleku ohustamine --- attentato contro la sicurezza dello Stato --- valsts drošības apdraudējums --- zločin proti mieru --- siguri e Shtetit --- zločin proti bezpečnosti štátu --- trestné činy proti pořádku ve věcech veřejných --- valtion turvallisuus --- nusikaltimas valstybės saugumui --- bezpečnosť štátu --- rahuvastane kuritegu --- delict contra securității statului --- politiek delict --- politisches Vergehen --- állam elleni bűncselekmény --- nusikaltimas taikai --- krim kundër paqes --- delito contra la seguridad del Estado --- infracțiuni contra păcii --- crime contra a segurança do Estado --- безбедност на државата --- προσβολή της δημόσιας τάξης και ασφάλειας --- omstörtande verksamhet --- draudi valsts drošībai --- krænkelse af statens sikkerhed --- noziegums pret mieru --- delitto contro la sicurezza dello Stato --- brott mot rikets säkerhet --- security of the State --- Anschlag gegen die öffentliche Sicherheit --- crime contre la paix publique --- zločin protiv državne sigurnosti --- statsforræderi --- злосторство против мирот --- riigi julgeoleku vastane kuritegu --- кривично дело против уставното уредување --- landssvek --- злосторство против човештвото --- crime contre la sûreté de l'État --- кривично дело против безбедноста на државата --- rikos rauhaa vastaan --- securitatea statului --- noziegums pret valsti --- misdrijf tegen de staatsveiligheid --- béke elleni bűncselekmények --- reato contro la cosa pubblica --- politikai bűncselekmények --- overgreb imod statens sikkerhed --- valstybės saugumas --- εσχάτη προδοσία --- crime against the security of the State --- trestné činy proti republice --- кривични дела против јавниот ред и мир --- έγκλημα κατά της ασφάλειας του κράτους --- Landfriedensbruch --- crime against the peace --- trestné činy proti bezpečnosti republiky --- zločin protiv mira --- krim kundër sigurisë së Shtetit --- riigi julgeolek --- valtiorikos --- underrättelsetjänst --- izlūkdienests --- tajne służby --- servicio secreto --- servizio segreto --- tajná služba --- Geheimdienst --- slaptoji tarnyba --- efterretningsvæsen --- servizz sigriet --- tajna služba --- секретна служба --- geheime dienst --- serviciu secret --- salateenistus --- serviço secreto --- tiedustelupalvelu --- shërbim sekret --- titkosszolgálat --- тајна служба --- service secret --- μυστική υπηρεσία --- obavještajna služba --- Агенција за разузнавање --- výzvědná služba --- serviço secreto de informação --- luureteenistus --- zpravodajská služba --- kontrarozvědka --- servicio de inteligencia --- Gegenspionage --- tiedusteluosasto --- pretizlūkošanas dienests --- luureosakond --- Управа за безбедност и контраразузнавање --- contraespionaje --- Bezpečnostní informační služba --- serviciu de informații --- тајна полиција --- υπηρεσία πληροφοριών --- hírszerző szolgálat --- servicio de información --- výzvedná služba --- service de renseignements --- armijas izlūkdienests --- department of intelligence --- servizio informazioni --- Сектор - Служба за воена безбедност и разузнавање --- departament i inteligjencës --- nemzetbiztonsági szolgálat --- rozvědka --- Spionageabwehr --- säkerhetstjänst --- intelligence service --- Nachrichtendienst --- УБК --- rozviedka --- žvalgybos skyrius --- tajná policie --- vastuluure --- sigurnosna služba --- katonai titkosszolgálat --- hírszerző osztály --- kémelhárítás --- inlichtingendienst --- шпионажа --- шпионаж --- szpiegostwo --- kémkedés --- espionaje --- spionage --- espionnage --- controspionaggio --- šnipinėjimas --- κατασκοπία --- vakoilu --- vohunjenje --- шпијунажа --- spionaj --- salakuulamine --- spjunaġġ --- špionáž --- Spionage --- spiegošana --- spiunazh --- espionagem --- špijunaža --- vyzvědačství --- систем за електронско прислушување --- ECHELON-System --- ešelons --- špehování --- σύστημα Echelon --- spionaaž --- Echelon (afluister- en onderscheppingssysteem) --- Echelon --- Échelon --- Ешелон --- Echelon-kémrendszer --- ECHELON --- lehallgatás --- satelit --- satelita --- satélite --- δορυφόρος --- Satellit --- satellit --- satelliit --- szatellit --- palydovas --- сателит --- satelliet --- družica --- satelliitti --- družice --- pavadonis --- satellita --- satailít --- вештачки сателит --- aplikovaná družice --- сателити за набљудување --- umelá družica --- природен сателит --- satellite artificiel --- man-made satellite --- сателит во геостационарна орбита --- artificial satellite --- комуникациски сателити --- kunstig planet --- vědecká družice --- фиксни сателитски услуги --- künstlicher Satellit --- satélite artificial --- geostacionární družice --- dirbtinis palydovas --- műhold --- mākslīgais pavadonis --- сателити за навигација --- umělá družice --- τεχνητός δορυφόρος --- človekom zhotovená družica --- satelit artificial --- technologická družice --- подвижни сателитски системи --- umjetni satelit --- метеоролошки сателити --- vojenská družice --- tehissatelliit --- nieuwe technologie --- ny teknik --- új technológia --- нова технология --- nowe technologie --- jauna tehnoloģija --- nuova tecnologia --- nova tecnologia --- nová technológia --- nueva tecnología --- teknologji e re --- nouvelle technologie --- nová technologie --- uus tehnoloogia --- uusi teknologia --- tehnologie avansată --- neue Technologie --- teknoloġija ġdida --- нова технологија --- νέες τεχνολογίες --- nova tehnologija --- ny teknologi --- naujoji technologija --- moderná technológia --- alta tecnologia --- Spitzentechnologie --- neuartige Technologie --- tecnología avanzada --- technique de pointe --- fejlett technológia --- advanced technology --- Hightech --- advanced technique --- kõrgtehnoloogia --- avanceret teknik --- alta tecnología --- progresivní technologie --- high-tech --- korszerű technika --- forkantteknologi --- teknikë e përparuar --- arenenud tehnoloogia --- spetsteknik --- špičková technika --- högt utvecklad teknik --- hoch entwickelte Technik --- arenenud tehnika --- high technology --- technologie avancée --- tecnologia de ponta --- висока технологија --- tecnologia di punta --- tecnica d'avanguardia --- avancerad teknik --- tecnologia nova --- geavanceerde technologie --- tecnología punta --- csúcstechnológia --- napredna tehnologija --- hoogontwikkelde technologie --- tecnica di punta --- speerpunttechnologie --- kehittynyt teknologia --- högteknologi --- teknologji e lartë --- τεχνολογία αιχμής --- pažangioji technika --- напредна технологија --- attīstīta tehnoloģija --- korkea teknologia --- højteknologi --- προηγμένη τεχνολογία --- technologie nouvelle --- augstās tehnoloģijas --- модерна технологија --- tehnică avansată --- haute technologie --- spitstechnologie --- tecnologia avanzata --- high tech --- aukštoji technologija --- attīstīta metode --- înaltă trhnologie --- spjutspetsteknik --- špičková technologie --- visoka tehnologija --- korszerű technológia --- moderná technika --- pažangioji technologija --- kehittynyt tekniikka --- fortgeschrittene Technologie --- tecnologia avançada --- hightech --- υψηλή τεχνολογία --- suvremena povijest --- historia contemporánea --- samtidshistoria --- sodobna zgodovina --- Geschichte der Gegenwart --- istorie contemporană --- storia contemporanea --- hedendaagse geschiedenis --- soudobá historie --- nykyhistoria --- súčasné dejiny --- lähiajalugu --- šiuolaikinė istorija --- História Contemporânea --- samtidshistorie --- legújabb kori történelem --- σύγχρονη ιστορία --- histori bashkëkohore --- storja kontemporanja --- съвременна история --- jauno laiku vēsture --- histoire contemporaine --- historia współczesna --- современа историја --- савремена историја --- tegenwoordige tijd --- età contemporanea --- gegenwärtige Epoche --- современа епоха --- историја на новата ера --- nutidshistoria --- historie současnosti --- nykyaika --- σύγχρονη εποχή --- nutidshistorie --- современа ера --- Gegenwartsgeschichte --- σύγχρονα χρόνια --- nutid --- nieuwste geschiedenis --- epoka bashkëkohore --- jelenkor --- Idade Contemporânea --- актуелна историја --- âge contemporain --- contemporary era --- suvremena era --- Edad Contemporánea --- nüüdisaeg --- současná historie --- samtid --- époque contemporaine --- šiuolaikinė era --- Space security --- Defense contracts --- Electronic surveillance --- Capitalism --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Electronics in surveillance --- SIGINT (Electronic surveillance) --- Signals intelligence --- Surveillance, Electronic --- Remote sensing --- Military contracts --- War contracts --- Public contracts --- Private military companies --- Research and development contracts, Government --- E-books --- bagairt don tslándáil náisiúnta --- seirbhís rúnda --- spiaireacht --- stair chomhaimseartha --- nuatheicneolaíocht